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Indonesia's P2SK omnibus law brings digital financial assets, including crypto-assets, within the financial-sector perimeter and transfers supervisory responsibility to OJK.
Current state: In force; crypto/digital financial-asset supervision transitioned to OJK under implementing arrangements
Jurisdiction
IndonesiaRegulator
Financial Services Authority (OJK); transition from Bappebti
Law Type
Act
Status
In ForceOfficial Law Number
Law No. 4 of 2023; LN 2023 No. 4; TLN No. 6845
Official Title
Law concerning Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector
Effective Date
January 12, 2023
Publication Date
January 12, 2023
Last Verified
August 26, 2026
Crypto exchanges and traders, clearing and depository entities, custodians, issuers, financial institutions, controllers and Indonesian customers.
OJK authorization and supervision; governance and consumer protection; trading, clearing, custody and depository infrastructure; market integrity; reporting; AML/CFT; staged transition from Bappebti oversight.
Authorization rule: OJK authorization and supervision.
No standalone AML/CFT rule is summarized here; generally applicable financial-crime law may still apply.
Customer-asset, segregation, key-security or custody controls are within scope; verify detailed regulator rules.
No dedicated marketing code is the primary focus; ordinary consumer and advertising law may still apply.
Regulator: Financial Services Authority (OJK); transition from Bappebti.
Not a tax code. Tax consequences depend on taxpayer, asset and transaction under the jurisdiction's current tax law.
Peraturan OJK No. 27/POJK.XX/2024 tentang Perdagangan Aset Keuangan Digital termasuk Aset Kripto
OJK Regulation 27/2024, as amended by No. 23/2025, implements the post-P2SK transfer of crypto-asset oversight to Indonesia's Financial Services Authority (OJK). It provides a detailed licensing, trading, governance and consumer-protection regime for digital financial asset and crypto exchanges, clearing bodies, depositories, traders and related operators.
Minister of Finance Regulation 50 of 2025
Revises VAT and income-tax collection for crypto transactions after the OJK transition.
OJK Regulation 27 of 2024
Regulates trading infrastructure and operators for digital financial assets including crypto.
Decision No. E/35/2023 on Virtual Asset Service Provider Registration, Cancellation of Registration and AML/CFT Instructions
Oman's FSA Decision No. E/35/2023 requires registration with the Oman Financial Services Authority (formerly Capital Market Authority) before carrying on covered virtual-asset activities in the Sultanate of Oman. It implements AML/CFT, governance and compliance requirements, and provides registration, cancellation and supervisory procedures. This is a VASP registration/AML regime and should be distinguished from any future full licensing framework.
Resoluções BCB nos. 519, 520 e 521, de 10 de novembro de 2025
Brazil's Central Bank (BCB) Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 10 November 2025 implement the virtual-asset regulatory framework under the supervision of the Central Bank. Resolution 519 establishes VASP authorisation procedures; Resolution 520 sets activity, governance, controls, security and conduct requirements; Resolution 521 integrates specified virtual-asset operations into Brazil's foreign-exchange and international-capital rules. Commencement is staged during 2026 — verify the effective date for each resolution separately.
Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets — Final Report (FR11/2023)
The IOSCO Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets (2023) contain 18 recommendations grounded in the principle of consistent regulation of economically equivalent activities. They address conflicts of interest, market manipulation, custody, disclosure, retail risks and cross-border cooperation. IOSCO recommendations are not self-executing domestic law — implementation depends on member regulators in their respective jurisdictions.
