Russia

Restricted Partly Confirmed

Russia permits ownership and regulated mining but prohibits using private cryptocurrency for domestic payments. A new regulated circulation and trading regime takes effect on 1 September 2026.

Bank of Russia / Federal Tax Service

Total Laws (incl. applicable EU-wide)

Effective Laws

At a Glance

Is holding crypto allowed?

Allowed

Is crypto trading allowed?

Restricted

Is P2P trading allowed?

Restricted

Are crypto payments allowed?

Prohibited

Is crypto legal tender?

Is mining allowed?

Regulated

Is staking allowed?

Restricted

Is DeFi participation allowed?

Restricted

Are stablecoins allowed or regulated?

Restricted

Activity Status Matrix

Activity	Status	Details
Holding Crypto	Allowed	Is holding crypto allowed?
Crypto Trading	Restricted	Is crypto trading allowed?
P2P Trading	Restricted	Is P2P trading allowed?
Crypto Payments	Prohibited	Are crypto payments allowed?
Legal Tender	No	Is crypto legal tender?
Mining	Regulated	Is mining allowed?
Staking	Restricted	Is staking allowed?
DeFi	Restricted	Is DeFi participation allowed?
Stablecoins	Restricted	Are stablecoins allowed or regulated?
NFTs	Regulated	Are NFTs allowed or regulated?
Token Launches	Regulated	Are token launches allowed?
Crypto Advertising	Restricted	Is crypto advertising allowed?
Banking Access	Restricted	Do crypto businesses have banking access?

Regulation Overview

Federal Law 259-FZ recognises digital financial assets and digital currency while prohibiting Russian residents from accepting digital currency as consideration for domestic goods and services. Mining became regulated with registration, reporting and regional energy restrictions. In July 2026, parliament adopted a broader cryptocurrency-circulation law effective 1 September 2026, creating controlled access through regulated intermediaries. Cross-border experimental-settlement rules and sanctions make international activity especially complex.

Tax Information

Crypto disposals and mining income can be taxable under Russian income/corporate rules. Mining operators have registration, reporting and tax duties; rates depend on taxpayer status and income.

Individual Tax Treatment

Individuals should report taxable disposal gains and document ruble acquisition costs. Access rules under the September 2026 regime depend on investor category and intermediary.

Business Tax Treatment

Registered miners and digital-asset businesses account for income, corporate tax, VAT treatment, energy charges and regulatory reporting. Sanctions and cross-border rules require specialist review.

Federal Tax Service

Business & Licensing

Mining and mining-infrastructure operators must comply with the federal register/reporting framework. From September 2026, regulated intermediaries and exchanges must meet the new Bank of Russia regime.

AML / KYC Requirements

Regulated intermediaries, banks and covered digital-asset operators must apply identification, monitoring, sanctions and suspicious-transaction controls.

Primary Regulator

Bank of Russia / Federal Tax Service

cbr.ru

Crypto Laws & Regulations in Russia

Actpassed

Russia Cryptocurrency Circulation Law 2026

Law governing circulation of cryptocurrencies

Ref: 2026 circulation law

Creates a regulated cryptocurrency investment and intermediary framework.

ExchangesLicensing

Official Source

Acteffective

Russia Digital Financial Assets Law

Federal Law on Digital Financial Assets and Digital Currency

Ref: Federal Law 259-FZ

Recognises digital assets and currency while prohibiting domestic crypto payment acceptance.

Payments

Official Source

Regulatory Timeline

September 1, 2026

Russia regulated cryptocurrency circulation regime commences · Effective DateThe new controlled cryptocurrency investment and intermediary regime is scheduled to commence.Source