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Cuba authorizes selected virtual-asset use in commercial transactions and requires Central Bank licensing for financial, exchange, collection and payment services involving virtual assets.
Current state: In force from 2021-09-15 subject to later central-bank rules
Jurisdiction
CubaRegulator
Banco Central de Cuba
Law Type
Regulation
Status
In ForceOfficial Law Number
Resolución 215/2021; GOC-2021-814-EX73
Official Title
Resolución 215/2021 del Banco Central de Cuba
Effective Date
September 15, 2021
Publication Date
August 26, 2021
Last Verified
August 26, 2026
Cuban financial institutions, VASPs, exchanges, payment and collection providers, businesses accepting virtual assets and their customers.
BCB licence for covered services; use only for socioeconomic reasons; AML/CFT and proliferation-financing controls; risk and customer measures; records and reporting; restrictions on institutions absent authorization.
Authorization rule: BCB licence for covered services.
AML/CFT duties are material; consult the instrument and current implementing rules for scope, thresholds and filing mechanics.
Customer-asset, segregation, key-security or custody controls are within scope; verify detailed regulator rules.
No dedicated marketing code is the primary focus; ordinary consumer and advertising law may still apply.
Regulator: Banco Central de Cuba.
Not a tax code. Tax consequences depend on taxpayer, asset and transaction under the jurisdiction's current tax law.
Decision No. E/35/2023 on Virtual Asset Service Provider Registration, Cancellation of Registration and AML/CFT Instructions
Oman's FSA Decision No. E/35/2023 requires registration with the Oman Financial Services Authority (formerly Capital Market Authority) before carrying on covered virtual-asset activities in the Sultanate of Oman. It implements AML/CFT, governance and compliance requirements, and provides registration, cancellation and supervisory procedures. This is a VASP registration/AML regime and should be distinguished from any future full licensing framework.
Resoluções BCB nos. 519, 520 e 521, de 10 de novembro de 2025
Brazil's Central Bank (BCB) Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 10 November 2025 implement the virtual-asset regulatory framework under the supervision of the Central Bank. Resolution 519 establishes VASP authorisation procedures; Resolution 520 sets activity, governance, controls, security and conduct requirements; Resolution 521 integrates specified virtual-asset operations into Brazil's foreign-exchange and international-capital rules. Commencement is staged during 2026 — verify the effective date for each resolution separately.
Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets — Final Report (FR11/2023)
The IOSCO Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets (2023) contain 18 recommendations grounded in the principle of consistent regulation of economically equivalent activities. They address conflicts of interest, market manipulation, custody, disclosure, retail risks and cross-border cooperation. IOSCO recommendations are not self-executing domestic law — implementation depends on member regulators in their respective jurisdictions.
Utility Token Offering Act, 2018 (Act No. 4 of 2018)
Anguilla's Utility Token Offering Act 2018 (Act No. 4/2018) is one of the world's earliest purpose-built utility-token offering frameworks. It creates registration requirements for utility-token issuers, sets offering, disclosure and issuer-qualification conditions, and works with AML regulations and later amendments. Verify the most recent consolidation — a 2020 amendment may affect the effective/status fields.
Resolución SBS N.° 02648-2024 — Normas para la Gestión de Riesgos de LA/FT aplicable a PSAVs
Peru's SBS Resolution No. 02648-2024 applies AML/CFT risk-management and compliance duties to virtual asset service providers (PSAVs) supervised by UIF-Peru. It requires customer due diligence, recordkeeping and suspicious-transaction reporting. The resolution also contains a travel-rule chapter, but commencement of the travel rule has been deferred to 1 January 2029 through a later amendment — the travel rule is not currently effective.
Gesetz zur Digitalisierung des Finanzmarktes (Finanzmarktdigitalisierungsgesetz — FinmadiG)
Germany's Financial Market Digitalisation Act (FinmadiG) aligns German financial-market law with MiCA and DORA, establishes national supervisory powers and enforcement mechanisms for BaFin, and addresses the transition from existing German crypto-custody regulation. It applies to German financial entities, CASPs and other firms affected by MiCA/DORA national implementation.
