Token and TT Service Provider Act (TVTG)
Also known as: TVTG: Liechtenstein Token Act
Overview
Key Details
Jurisdiction
LiechtensteinRegulator
Financial Market Authority Liechtenstein (FMA)
Law Type
Act
Status
In ForceOfficial Law Number
LR No. 950.6; LGBl. 2019 No. 301
Official Title
Token and TT Service Provider Act (TVTG)
Effective Date
January 1, 2020
Publication Date
October 3, 2019
Last Verified
August 26, 2026
Topics Covered
Who This Law Applies To
Key Requirements
Known as the Token Act, the TVTG uses the token-container model to represent rights on trusted-technology systems and clarifies transfer and disposal of tokens. It defines TT service-provider roles, sets FMA registration and supervision, requires reliability, governance, capital and internal controls, and provides customer-information, liability and basic-information duties for token generation. Its registration framework operates alongside financial-services, AML/CFT and EEA requirements.
Key Provisions
Token civil-law rules; token-container model; TT service-provider role definitions; FMA registration; reliability and organisational requirements; minimum capital by role; customer information; token-issue basic information; records, outsourcing and control duties; supervision and sanctions.
Licensing & Registration
Persons professionally performing specified TT service-provider roles in Liechtenstein must register with the FMA unless another applicable regime or exemption governs the activity.
AML / CFT
Relevant TT service providers are subject to Liechtenstein due-diligence law, including customer identification, beneficial ownership, risk monitoring, records and suspicious-activity reporting.
Custody & Safeguarding
Token depositaries, key depositaries and related roles must maintain reliable systems, segregation, security and organisational controls appropriate to their services.
Disclosure & Marketing
Token generators must prepare basic information for public token offerings when required; providers must give customers prescribed information and avoid misleading conduct.
Market Integrity & Enforcement
The FMA maintains the register, reviews compliance, can request information and inspect providers, and may order corrective action, remove registrations or impose sanctions.
Tax Treatment
The TVTG is not a complete tax code; token transactions are assessed under Liechtenstein's general tax rules and the represented right's legal character.
Official Sources
Related Laws
Decision No. E/35/2023 — VASP Registration and AML/CFT Instructions
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BCB Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 2025 — Virtual Asset Regulatory Framework
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IOSCO Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets (2023)
Policy Recommendations for Crypto and Digital Asset Markets — Final Report (FR11/2023)
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Utility Token Offering Act, 2018 (Act No. 4/2018)
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Financial Market Digitalisation Act (Finanzmarktdigitalisierungsgesetz — FinmadiG)
Gesetz zur Digitalisierung des Finanzmarktes (Finanzmarktdigitalisierungsgesetz — FinmadiG)
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UAE Cabinet Resolution No. 111 of 2022 Regulating Virtual Assets and Their Service Providers
Cabinet Resolution No. (111) of 2022 Regulating Virtual Assets and Their Service Providers
UAE Cabinet Resolution No. 111 of 2022 creates a federal regulatory perimeter for virtual assets and virtual-asset service providers across the UAE, subject to exclusions and coordination with local and free-zone authorities including VARA (Dubai), ADGM and DIFC. It allocates licensing and supervisory roles between federal (SCA) and local authorities and establishes authorisation and compliance foundations. It does not replace or supersede the VARA, ADGM or DIFC regimes.
