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Japan brought fiat-referenced electronic payment instruments and their intermediaries into the payments and AML perimeter, alongside rules for high-value transferable prepaid instruments.
Current state: In force from 2023-06-01; subsequent amendments must also be checked
Jurisdiction
JapanRegulator
Financial Services Agency of Japan / Local Finance Bureaus
Law Type
Act
Status
In ForceOfficial Law Number
Act No. 61 of 2022 (令和4年法律第61号)
Official Title
Act Partially Amending the Payment Services Act, Act on Prevention of Transfer of Criminal Proceeds and Related Acts
Effective Date
June 1, 2023
Publication Date
June 10, 2022
Last Verified
August 26, 2026
Stablecoin intermediaries, banks, funds-transfer providers, trust companies, prepaid-payment issuers, custodians and their customers.
Registration for electronic payment instrument exchange service providers; customer and reserve information; asset and information safeguarding; outsourcing controls; AML/CFT customer due diligence, monitoring, records and reporting.
Authorization rule: Registration for electronic payment instrument exchange service providers.
AML/CFT duties are material; consult the instrument and current implementing rules for scope, thresholds and filing mechanics.
No dedicated custody rule is the primary focus of this record.
No dedicated marketing code is the primary focus; ordinary consumer and advertising law may still apply.
Regulator: Financial Services Agency of Japan / Local Finance Bureaus. Current enforcement powers and procedures should be checked in the official instrument and implementing rules.
Not a tax code. Tax consequences depend on taxpayer, asset and transaction under the jurisdiction's current tax law.
Japan renamed virtual currency as crypto-assets, strengthened exchange and custody safeguards, and applied securities-market rules to crypto derivatives and certain tokenized investment rights. Current state: In force from 2020-05-01; forms part of Japan's current amended framework
Payment Services Act
Defines crypto assets and establishes registration and customer-protection requirements for exchange services.
Electronic payment instruments and cryptoassets service intermediary system
Creates a registered intermediary category for agents acting for registered providers.
Decision No. E/35/2023 on Virtual Asset Service Provider Registration, Cancellation of Registration and AML/CFT Instructions
Oman's FSA Decision No. E/35/2023 requires registration with the Oman Financial Services Authority (formerly Capital Market Authority) before carrying on covered virtual-asset activities in the Sultanate of Oman. It implements AML/CFT, governance and compliance requirements, and provides registration, cancellation and supervisory procedures. This is a VASP registration/AML regime and should be distinguished from any future full licensing framework.
Resoluções BCB nos. 519, 520 e 521, de 10 de novembro de 2025
Brazil's Central Bank (BCB) Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 10 November 2025 implement the virtual-asset regulatory framework under the supervision of the Central Bank. Resolution 519 establishes VASP authorisation procedures; Resolution 520 sets activity, governance, controls, security and conduct requirements; Resolution 521 integrates specified virtual-asset operations into Brazil's foreign-exchange and international-capital rules. Commencement is staged during 2026 — verify the effective date for each resolution separately.
High-Level Recommendations for the Regulation, Supervision and Oversight of Crypto-Asset Activities and Markets — Final Report (July 2023)
The FSB's High-Level Recommendations for Crypto-Asset Activities and Markets (2023) set nine recommendations for consistent regulation, supervision and oversight of crypto-asset issuers, service providers, activities and markets. They cover regulatory powers, governance, risk management, data, disclosures and cross-border cooperation. A separate revised set addresses global stablecoin arrangements. FSB recommendations are not self-executing domestic law.
