FIU-IND AML & CFT Guidelines for Reporting Entities Providing Services Related to VDAs

PMLA Gazette Notification S.O. 1072(E) — Virtual Digital Asset Service Providers

Notification S.O. 1072(E) under the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002

India's PMLA Gazette Notification S.O. 1072(E), dated 7 March 2023, brings specified virtual digital asset activities within the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act reporting-entity perimeter for the first time. It triggers FIU-India registration, customer due diligence, recordkeeping and suspicious-transaction reporting for persons carrying on listed VDA exchange, transfer, custody, administration and issuer-related financial services for or on behalf of another person.

Prohibition on dealing in Virtual Currencies

The RBI circular barred RBI-regulated entities from dealing in virtual currencies or facilitating related services; the Supreme Court set it aside on proportionality grounds in 2020. Current state: No longer valid from 2020-03-04 after Supreme Court judgment

Internet and Mobile Association of India v. Reserve Bank of India

India's Supreme Court set aside RBI's 2018 banking restriction because the measure was disproportionate on the record, while recognizing RBI's regulatory authority over virtual-currency risks. Current state: Supreme Court judgment effective 2020-03-04; it set aside the 2018 circular but did not declare crypto legal tender or create a licensing regime

India VDA Income Tax Rules

Income-tax Act sections 115BBH and 194S

Creates the special tax and withholding framework for income and consideration from VDA transfers.

Decision No. E/35/2023 — VASP Registration and AML/CFT Instructions

Decision No. E/35/2023 on Virtual Asset Service Provider Registration, Cancellation of Registration and AML/CFT Instructions

Oman's FSA Decision No. E/35/2023 requires registration with the Oman Financial Services Authority (formerly Capital Market Authority) before carrying on covered virtual-asset activities in the Sultanate of Oman. It implements AML/CFT, governance and compliance requirements, and provides registration, cancellation and supervisory procedures. This is a VASP registration/AML regime and should be distinguished from any future full licensing framework.

BCB Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 2025 — Virtual Asset Regulatory Framework

Resoluções BCB nos. 519, 520 e 521, de 10 de novembro de 2025

Brazil's Central Bank (BCB) Resolutions No. 519, 520 and 521 of 10 November 2025 implement the virtual-asset regulatory framework under the supervision of the Central Bank. Resolution 519 establishes VASP authorisation procedures; Resolution 520 sets activity, governance, controls, security and conduct requirements; Resolution 521 integrates specified virtual-asset operations into Brazil's foreign-exchange and international-capital rules. Commencement is staged during 2026 — verify the effective date for each resolution separately.